Lungs Cancer

01 — Lung Cancer

Overview

Lung cancer begins in the tissues of the lungs and includes different forms, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. The disease can behave differently from one patient to another, so treatment depends on its type, stage and specific characteristics.

Lung cancer can also occur in people who have never smoked. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of the extent of disease are important steps in selecting appropriate treatment.

• Main formsNon-small cell and small cell lung cancer
• Who it affectsCan also occur in people who have never smoked
• Treatment depends onType, stage and specific characteristics

02 — Lung Cancer

Common Signs & Symptoms

• 01A persistent or worsening cough
• 02Shortness of breath
• 03Chest discomfort or pain
• 04Blood in the sputum
• 05Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
• 06Persistent tiredness or recurrent respiratory symptoms

These signs do not always mean cancer, but any new or persistent symptom should be assessed by a doctor.

03 — Lung Cancer

Diagnosis & Staging

Evaluation may include imaging such as CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis when appropriate. Pathology helps establish the type of lung cancer, while staging investigations determine whether the disease has spread. Additional molecular or biomarker testing may be recommended, particularly when targeted therapy or immunotherapy is being considered. The results help guide the choice and sequence of treatment.

1. 1

   Imaging

   Imaging such as CT scans as part of the initial evaluation.

2. 2

   Biopsy

   Carried out when appropriate to confirm the diagnosis.

3. 3

   Pathology

   Helps establish the type of lung cancer.

4. 4

   Staging investigations

   Determine whether the disease has spread.

5. 5

   Molecular & biomarker testing

   May be recommended, particularly when targeted therapy or immunotherapy is being considered.